Which electrical component is specifically used to amplify signals in a radio system?

The transistor is the component specifically used to amplify signals in a radio system. Transistors function by taking a small input current and controlling a larger output current, thus allowing them to amplify the strength of a signal. This makes them essential in various applications, including signal processing in radio transmitters and receivers. Their ability to amplify signals is key to improving the performance of communication systems, enabling better reception and transmission of information over longer distances.

In contrast, resistors are used to limit current flow in a circuit but do not amplify signals. Inductors store energy in a magnetic field and are often used for filtering or tuning circuits. Capacitors store energy in an electric field and are also used for filtering and coupling signals rather than amplifying them. Each of these components plays a significant role in electronic circuits, but only the transistor is primarily designed for amplification of signals.